The explosive growth of mobile data traffic has resulted in a significant increase in the energy consumption of 5G base stations (BSs). However, the existing energy conservation technologies, such as tradi
Facebook Twitter Linkedin The two figures above show the actual power consumption test results of 5G base stations from different manufacturers,
In today''s 5G era, the energy efficiency (EE) of cellular base stations is crucial for sustainable communication. Recognizing this, Mobile Network Operators are actively prioritizing EE for
Oct 14, 2024 · Energy efficiency constitutes a pivotal performance indicator for 5G New Radio (NR) networks and beyond, and achieving optimal efficiency
Nov 1, 2022 · The increasing energy consumption is a legacy of the fast improvement of ICT (Information and Communication Technology). It is also contrary to the current energy
Dec 9, 2020 · 1 Hardware Hardware Energy Energy It is based on lowering the basic energy consumption of the base station. By modifying the hardware architecture design, improving the
Nov 29, 2023 · The widespread installation of 5G base stations has caused a notable surge in energy consumption, and a situation that conflicts with the
Apr 8, 2025 · Conclusion The fast-response 5G smart base station is a new type of site construction method, and the site construction process is very
Jan 23, 2023 · However, there is still a need to understand the power consumption behavior of state-of-the-art base station architectures, such as multi-carrier active antenna units (AAUs),
May 5, 2022 · The transmission efficiency and security of 5G network are higher, which is difficult to achieve by traditional 2G, 3G and 4G network technologies. After the arrival of the
Jul 23, 2024 · Large-scale deployment of 5G base stations has brought severe challenges to the economic operation of the distribution network, furthermore,
Jan 23, 2023 · In this paper, we present a power consumption model for 5G AAUs based on artificial neural networks. We demonstrate that this model achieves good estimation
Nov 9, 2022 · By encouraging 5G base station to participate in demand response and incorporating it into the Microgrid, it can reduce the power consumption cost of 5G base
Sep 17, 2019 · How can 5G increase performance and ensure low energy consumption? Find out in our latest Research blog post.
Apr 15, 2025 · Doubling power consumption means doubling electricity bills, which will undoubtedly greatly increase the operational pressure on operators.
Jul 1, 2022 · In particular, this research took the UK as an example to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of 5G evolution, and further analysed the energy
Reference (Celebi et al., 2019) analyzes the power consumption characteristics and patterns of base station communication equipment under different load conditions, and points out that the
Mar 17, 2022 · It is seen from Fig. B3 that the percentage reduction in system power consumption of the 5G base station was up to 23.45% after the sleep mechanism was implemented, and
The analysis results show that the participation of idle energy storage of 5G base stations in the unified optimized dispatch of the distribution network can reduce the electricity cost... The
Nov 15, 2024 · Frequency band selection impacts network performance and energy consumption. We introduced stochastic models (Markov and semi-Markov) for base stations, derived steady
Feb 1, 2022 · The high-energy consumption and high construction density of 5G base stations have greatly increased the demand for backup energy storage batteries. To maximize overall
Dec 9, 2020 · There are mainly two method of base station energy saving, which are hardware power saving and software energy saving. It is based on lowering the basic energy
Apr 24, 2023 · As 5G base station construction process is accelerating, the demand for energy storage batteries will be greatly improved.According to the 5G C-BAND single station power
May 28, 2023 · Aiming at minimizing the base station (BS) energy consumption under low and medium load scenarios, the 3GPP recently completed a Release 18 study on energy savi
Jun 26, 2024 · This paper proposes a novel 5G base stations energy con-sumption modelling method by learning from a real-world dataset used in the ITU 5G Base Station Energy
Jan 17, 2025 · With the rapid development of 5G communication technology, global telecom operators are actively advancing 5G network construction. As a core component supporting
Jun 6, 2019 · Energy consumption per unit of data (watt/bit) is much less for 5G than 4G, but power consumption is much higher. In the 5G era, the maximum
Nov 1, 2024 · With the cost of 5G network construction surges, Base Station (BS) sharing is becoming more and more popular among operators nowadays. A typical scenario of 5G
Oct 17, 2021 · At present, 5G mobile traffic base stations in energy consumption accounted for 60% ~ 80%, compared with 4G energy consumption increased three times. In the future, high
Aug 23, 2019 · With the advent of the 5G era, mobile users have higher requirements for network performance, and the expansion of network coverage has become an inevitable trend.
Aug 1, 2023 · An energy consumption optimization strategy of 5G base stations (BSs) considering variable threshold sleep mechanism (ECOS-BS) is proposed, which includes the initial
May 13, 2024 · For energy efficiency in 5G cellular networks, researchers have been studying at the sleeping strategy of base stations. In this regard, this study models a 5G BS as an (M^ {
Apr 13, 2022 · This shows that the game equilibrium index makes the power sales of each microgrid proportional to its income, which ensures the fair and
Dec 1, 2020 · However, ultra-densely deployed BSs are associated with extremely high construction and operation costs for 5G cellular networks. Reducing the construction cost and
The current long-term electricity demand forecast mainly targets a certain region [2] or the major industries [3], with less involvement in the digital industry. The research on 5G electricity
Apr 3, 2025 · The power consumption of the 5G base station mainly comes from the AU module processing and conversion and high power-consuming high
Oct 17, 2021 · This paper proposes a power control algorithm based on energy efficiency, which combines cell breathing technology and base station sleep technology to reduce base station
Aiming at minimizing the base station (BS) energy consumption under low and medium load scenarios, the 3GPP recently completed a Release 18 study on energy saving techniques for 5G NR BSs . A broad range of techniques was evaluated in terms of the obtained network energy saving (NES) gain and their impact to the user-perceived throughput (UPT).
1. Introduction 5G base station (BS), as an important electrical load, has been growing rapidly in the number and density to cope with the exponential growth of mobile data traffic . It is predicted that by 2025, there will be about 13.1 million BSs in the world, and the BS energy consumption will reach 200 billion kWh .
The explosive growth of mobile data traffic has resulted in a significant increase in the energy consumption of 5G base stations (BSs).
To improve the energy eficiency of 5G networks, it is imperative to develop sophisticated models that accurately reflect the influence of base station (BS) attributes and operational conditions on energy usage.
The 5G BS power consumption mainly comes from the active antenna unit (AAU) and the base band unit (BBU), which respectively constitute BS dynamic and static power consumption. The AAU power consumption changes positively with the fluctuation of communication traffic, while the BBU power consumption remains basically unchanged , , .
Therefore, the problem can be formulated as a minimal 5G BS energy consumption optimization model, i.e., the energy consumption reduced by reasonably switching off the idle or lightly loaded BSs and reasonably associate UEs with BSs (i.e., the BS switching state and BS-UE association state scheme).
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